What is the full form of DNS in 2022 & how it works?

What is DNS? DNS stands for Domain Name System. DNS setting is very useful for Domain owners & can be found in your Domain account. When you buy a new domain then you will have to set up your DNS. In this Domain name system, you have to point your Web hosting IP Address to fully connect your domain with your domain Name System.

What is DNS

It is not wrong to say that DNS works like a phonebook of the internet. If we further say then a human understands a domain name like digitalpathik.com, Google.com, etc. In this post, I will share What is DNS and how it works? A browser understands through Internet Protocol (IP). While DNS translates domain names into IP Addresses so that any of the browsers can display web information from its web server.

History of DNS

Using a simpler, more memorable name in place of a host’s numerical address was used before the ARPANET era. The Stanford Research Institute (called now SRI International) maintains a text file named HOSTS.TXT that maps host names to the numerical addresses of computers on the ARPANET.

By the early 1980s, handling a single, centralized host table had become slow and unwieldy and the emerging network required an automated naming system to address technical and personnel issues. Postel directed the task of forging a compromise between five competing proposals of solutions to Paul Mockapetris. Mockapetris created the Domain Name System in 1983.

How DNS works?

The main task of the DNS Server is to convert the domain (hostname like that digitalpathik.com) into an IP Address. As we said above each device has its IP Address. With only the help of this IP Address, other devices can reach such devices. For example to find a house address we need the landmark near by the same house.

In order to understand the process fully behind DNS, this is important to know all the hardware components involved in this process. Here is the mandatory to tell you that there is no need for any extra action from the side of internet users to get the result.

Recursive DNS or Recursive Resolver

This is the same device that receives queries from the client Browser. The other name of Recursive DNS is Recursive Resolver. This is a type of server name that is designed to receive any queries from the client machine through the client Browser. Recursive DNS is responsible for additional requests in order to satisfy all DNS Queries of clients.

There are three types of queries done by Recursive DNS or Recursive Resolver:-

Recursive query

For a recursive query, there must be a DNS client that a DNS SERVER might respond to the client with either the requested resource record or an error message if the resolver could not fetch the record.

Iterative query

We can easily understand the activity done in an Iterative query. In an Iterative query the DNS Server sends the reply to a Recursive Query If the queries DNS Server does not have a match for the query desired, in that case, it returns a referral to a DNS Server authoritative for low-level domain space. Then the DNS client will make a query to the destination address. This process ends with either an error at a time-out occurs.

Non-recursive query

The Non-recursive query occurs when a DNS resolver client queries a DNS server for a record that it has access to either because it’s authoritative or the record exists inside its cache. In order to prevent additional Bandwidth consumption & extra load on upstream servers.

Route Nameserver

This server plays a second role in retrieving data. Actually, the Root nameserver works to translate the domain name into the destination IP Address.

TLD Nameserver

In this server, the TLD server works to find IP Address & it hosts the last part of the domain. Actually, TLD means Top Level Domains like .com, .net, etc. A TLD nameserver maintains information for all the domain names that share a common domain extension, such as .com, .net, etc.

Authoritative Nameserver

Authoritative Nameserver is the last stop in the process of the nameserver. If Authoritative Nameserver has access to the record that has been requested by the client, Then this Authoritative Nameserver returns the request to the Recursive Resolver that initiated the request.